What is E120?

Carminic acid (C22H20O13) is a red glucosidal hydroxyanthrapurin that occurs naturally in some scale insects, such as the cochineal, Armenian cochineal, and Polish cochineal. The insects produce the acid as a deterrent to predators. E120 sits in the E100–E199 series, which in the EU classification mainly covers colours.

What is E120 used for?

E120 belongs to the colours group. Colours are added to give or restore colour to food. Some are natural, like curcumin from turmeric; some synthetic dyes are debated and require warning labels in the EU.

Is E120 safe?

E120 is rated “moderate”. It is approved for use in food, but some people prefer to limit it. “Moderate” means it is approved, but is debated or something some people prefer to limit.

How E120 appears on labels

On food packaging you'll find E120 either as the number “E120” or by the name “Cochineal / Carmine” in the ingredient list, often after its function. Ingredients are listed in descending order by weight, so an additive near the end is present only in small amounts.

Is E120 vegan?

No, E120 is animal-derived and not suitable for vegans.